Definition of Intellectual Disability
Current Definition The Schalock et. al. (2010) definition is as follows:
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The disability originates before age 18.
The following five assumptions are essential to the application of the definition
Adaptive Behaviors
The degree to which the individual meets "the standards of maturation, learning, personal independence, and/or social responsibility that are expected for his or her age level and cultural group. Particular important are the skills necessary to function independently."
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The disability originates before age 18.
The following five assumptions are essential to the application of the definition
- Limitations in present functioning must be considered within the context of community environments typical of the individual's age peers and culture.
- Valid assessment considers cultural and linguistic diversity as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor, and behavioral factors.
- Within an individual, limitations often coexist with strengths.
- An important purpose of describing limitations is to develop a profile of needed supports.
- With appropriate personalized supports over a sustained period, the life functioning of the person generally will improve.
Adaptive Behaviors
The degree to which the individual meets "the standards of maturation, learning, personal independence, and/or social responsibility that are expected for his or her age level and cultural group. Particular important are the skills necessary to function independently."
Adaptive Skills that Students with an Intellectual Disability Significantly Lack
ConceptualLanguage
Reading and Writing Money Concepts Self-Direction |
SocialInterpersonal
Responsibility Self-Esteem Gullibility |
PracticalActivities of Daily Living
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Occupational Skills |